الإعلان
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الترحيب
Dr. Mohamed Fathy Mohamed Fawzy by:
Its greatness lies in Edfu in Aswan Governorate, being
an extension of the third Naqdi civilization and the first capital of Egypt,
and that it is the city of the great king Mina, where his birthplace is in Kom
al-Ahmar (Naja al-Jama’awiyah in the city of al-Busailiya), who was mentioned
in history books as having the virtue of uniting Egypt after it was scattered in
the form of sheikhdoms and cities distributed over The banks of the Nile, which
produced heroes who fought valiantly in the battle to expel the Hyksos, as it
is the whale of the Egyptian ruler who united Egypt and mentioned him above,
and it is the region that witnessed the conflict that occurred between its god
Horus with his uncle Set (the legend of the struggle between good and evil),
and it is the region that comes The great goddess Hathor visited him on her
annual journey from Dendera to Edfu to visit her beloved Horus And it has the cap
located on the eastern bank of the Nile north of the city, and the ancient
Egyptians called it Nekhbet. A local deity in Edfu only, but a deity for all
Egyptians, and the kings of Egypt had to approach her as a symbol of Upper Egypt Among the most important
tombs in the El-Kab necropolis is the tomb of Barhari, mayor of El-Kab city in
the era of King Thutmose III, and the tombs of the heroes of Egypt’s war
against the Hyksos, Ahmose bin Abana, the military advisor to the hero, Ahmose
I, the victor over the Hyksos in 1700 BC (and clearly the birth of Ahmose bin
Abana in El-Keb in the 16th century M. He died in 1501 BC. His military rank
was Admiral, and he was a writer of soldiers (and Ebana is the name of his
mother). He saw his father fighting the Hyksos, so he decided to join the
Egyptian army under the leadership of Sqnen Ra the Second to fight them, and
after the killing of Sqnen Ra Taa II and his son Kamose, Ahmose bin Ebana
continued in the army And the fighting under the command of Ahmose I, not to
mention Rani, and Ahmose bin Nekhbet, as well as the tomb of Setau, the high
priest of the goddess Nekhbet, who lived in the era of King Ramses IX As for the jewel of what
the city of Edfu possesses, it is its temple, or as it is known as the Temple
of the god Horus or Ptolemy, and this temple is the most beautiful and complete
Egyptian temple ever, and this temple was revealed by the French archaeologist
Auguste Mariette in the second half of the nineteenth century, and its
construction took one hundred and eighty years Its construction began in the
era of King Ptolemy III in the year 237 BC, and its decoration ended in the
year 57 BC, the era of Ptolemy the Piper, and it was inaugurated with a great
ceremony in the year 42 BC, in the era of Cleopatra VII In fact, the modern world is indebted to
Ptolemy III for laying the foundation stone of the Temple of Edfu, which is
considered in the eyes of the world now in general as the largest religious
temple that provides us with a true and clear picture of the shape of the
Egyptian temple, and of the worship that prevailed during the era of the
ancient Egyptians, as well as about the architecture of temples in their time.
The ancient Egyptians left us many religious buildings of great magnificence
and artistic beauty, but all of them were demolished or distorted to different
degrees. We did not find a complete temple in the temple of "Edfu",
which best expresses the religious thought of the ancient Egyptians It is noteworthy that on
the walls of each room, hall, or vestibule of the buildings of these two
temples, the distinctive name for it was clearly mentioned, as well as the
purpose for which this room or hall was allocated, in addition to that, what
was in these rooms was engraved. Or the halls of decorations, as their area was
also determined...
In any case, the "Edfu" temple, whose
foundation was laid by "Ptolemy III", who was apparently interested
in Egyptian religious issues to a large extent, occupies a unique position in
its door among all the Egyptian temples existing in the Nile Valley to this
day, and there is no wonder about that, as it The only temple that has remained
relatively preserved for us, although some of its complementary parts are still
buried under the buildings of the town of Edfu The current one is waiting for someone to
unveil it, so that after that the Temple of Edfu becomes the greatest temple in
the Egyptian world in terms of magnificence, majesty, perfection, and
scientific interest.
The construction phases of the Edfu temple include
three phases. The first: the stage of the original building, which is the
nucleus of the temple, and is considered in itself a complete temple, and
includes a pillar hall, two other halls, a mihrab, and several side rooms. That
is, in the tenth year of the reign of "Ptolemy IV Philopator". As for
decorating the walls with scenes and inscriptions, it was completed in six
years, and the work was completed in 207 BC. In the same year, the big door was
installed in its place. After that, a revolution arose in Upper Egypt, which
did not extinguish its fire until the nineteenth year of the rule of
"Ptolemy V" "Epiphanes".
And when Tranquility returned to the country, work continued
in the temple, and on the third day of February in the year 176 BC; That is, in
the fifth year of the reign of "Ptolemy VII" (Philomtor), the doors
of the temple were installed, and other supplies were installed in their
places. As for the coloring of the scenes, the inscriptions, the decoration of
some of the walls with sheets of gold, and the furnishing of the temple, all
took place in the few years that followed ...
Finally, the gates were erected, and the large
entrance doors were installed on December 5, 57 BC; That is, in the
twenty-fifth year of the reign of Ptolemy "Neus Diosus" the
twelfth... and it was inaugurated with a great ceremony in the year 42 BC, as previously
mentioned. The
scenes of the temple were afflicted with a feeling of hidden awe, and it was
magnified and manifested whenever a person progressed in his walk from hall to
hall, penetrating the temple. As the level of the temple area rises little by
little, just as at the same time the ceiling level was lowered little by
little, and so the temple was prepared for the establishment of the many
ceremonies that take place in it, and it is obvious that the establishment of
such a temple was accompanied by precise and precise ceremonies, and it is
fortunate that the days have left us On a brief account of the "Edfu"
ritual of presenting the temple to its Lord, and this celebration was a
combination of the opening of the mouth ritual and the daily ritual that was
held in the temple…
• Four festivals were held in the temple, namely: New Year's Day.
• And the coronation feast of the Sacred Falcon.
• And Victory Day.
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